diff --git a/src/renderer.h b/src/renderer.h
index f13ce6a..6ba0004 100644
--- a/src/renderer.h
+++ b/src/renderer.h
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #ifndef RENDERER_H
 #define RENDERER_H
 
-#include <cstdlib> // malloc/calloc
 // TODO: remove for better logging
 #include <iostream>	// std::cout
 
@@ -18,18 +17,19 @@
 // Interface
 
 bool initRenderer(SDL_Handles &handles, v2i vpDims);
+// TODO: re-implement debug erender
 void debugRender(HexDrawMode mode, hex_info *startHex, hex_info *currentHex);
 void render(const vector<hex_info> *hexes);
 
 
-// Implementation
+// forward declarations
 
 GLuint initShaders();
 // enable debug output https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/OpenGL_Error
 void openglDebugCallback(GLenum source, GLenum type, GLuint id, GLenum severity,
 						GLsizei length, const GLchar* message, const void* userParam);
 void createScene(vector<hex_info>* hexes);
-void parseHexToGLBuffer(GLfloat* buf, int idx, Point origin, vector<Point> &verts);
+void parseHexToGLBuffer(GLfloat buf[], int idx,  const hex_info &hex);
 
 GLuint g_vertexbuffer;
 GLuint g_vertex_buffer_triangle_count;
@@ -183,10 +183,7 @@ createScene(vector<hex_info>* hexes)
 	
 	for (int i = 0; i < (int) hex_count; i++)
 	{
-		hex_info hxi = (*hexes)[i];
-		Point p(hxi.XPos, hxi.YPos);
-		vector<Point> verts = hxi.vertices;
-		parseHexToGLBuffer(vbuf_data, buf_index * i, p, verts);
+		parseHexToGLBuffer(vbuf_data, buf_index * i, (*hexes)[i]);
 	}
 	
 	g_vertex_buffer_triangle_count = buf_size / 3;
@@ -197,49 +194,48 @@ createScene(vector<hex_info>* hexes)
 }
 
 void
-parseHexToGLBuffer(GLfloat buf[], int idx, Point origin, vector<Point> &verts)
+parseHexToGLBuffer(GLfloat buf[], int idx,  const hex_info &hex)
 {
-	int buf_idx = idx;
 	// triangles
 	for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
 	{
 		if (i == 5)	// wrap
 		{
 			// vertex 0
-			buf[buf_idx + 0] = (GLfloat) origin.x;
-			buf[buf_idx + 1] = (GLfloat) origin.y;
-			buf[buf_idx + 2] = (GLfloat) 0.f;
+			buf[idx + 0] = (GLfloat) hex.XPos;
+			buf[idx + 1] = (GLfloat) hex.YPos;
+			buf[idx + 2] = (GLfloat) 0.f;
 
 			// vertex 1
-			buf[buf_idx + 3] = (GLfloat) verts[i].x;
-			buf[buf_idx + 4] = (GLfloat) verts[i].y;
-			buf[buf_idx + 5] = (GLfloat) 0.f;
-
-			// vertex 1
-			buf[buf_idx + 6] = (GLfloat) verts[0].x;
-			buf[buf_idx + 7] = (GLfloat) verts[0].y;
-			buf[buf_idx + 8] = (GLfloat) 0.f;
+			buf[idx + 3] = (GLfloat) hex.vertices[i].x;
+			buf[idx + 4] = (GLfloat) hex.vertices[i].y;
+			buf[idx + 5] = (GLfloat) 0.f;
+
+			// vertex 2
+			buf[idx + 6] = (GLfloat) hex.vertices[0].x;
+			buf[idx + 7] = (GLfloat) hex.vertices[0].y;
+			buf[idx + 8] = (GLfloat) 0.f;
 		}
 		else
 		{
 			// vertex 0
-			buf[buf_idx + 0] = (GLfloat) origin.x;
-			buf[buf_idx + 1] = (GLfloat) origin.y;
-			buf[buf_idx + 2] = (GLfloat) 0.f;
-
-			// vertex 1
-			buf[buf_idx + 3] = (GLfloat) verts[i].x;
-			buf[buf_idx + 4] = (GLfloat) verts[i].y;
-			buf[buf_idx + 5] = (GLfloat) 0.f;
+			buf[idx + 0] = (GLfloat) hex.XPos;
+			buf[idx + 1] = (GLfloat) hex.YPos;
+			buf[idx + 2] = (GLfloat) 0.f;
 
 			// vertex 1
-			buf[buf_idx + 6] = (GLfloat) verts[i + 1].x;
-			buf[buf_idx + 7] = (GLfloat) verts[i + 1].y;
-			buf[buf_idx + 8] = (GLfloat) 0.f;
+			buf[idx + 3] = (GLfloat) hex.vertices[i].x;
+			buf[idx + 4] = (GLfloat) hex.vertices[i].y;
+			buf[idx + 5] = (GLfloat) 0.f;
+
+			// vertex 2
+			buf[idx + 6] = (GLfloat) hex.vertices[i + 1].x;
+			buf[idx + 7] = (GLfloat) hex.vertices[i + 1].y;
+			buf[idx + 8] = (GLfloat) 0.f;
 		}
 		
 		// we've added 9 GLfloats per loop
-		buf_idx += 9;
+		idx += 9;
 	}
 }